ABSTRACT
This study is the first report on the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of fungal extracts isolated from marinesponge Dactylospongia sp., which is collected from Mandeh Island, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The isolation of fungalwas conducted using dilution method with Sabouraud Dextrose Agar + chloramphenicol (0.05%) as a medium. Thepure isolated fungal was cultivated on rice medium at temperature 25°C–27°C and then extracted using ethyl acetatesolvent. The ethyl acetate extract of each isolated fungal was tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Ninefungal strains have been isolated from this sponge. Two ethyl acetate extracts of fungal strains (Dc03 and Dc04) werecategorized as having strong inhibition against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, methicillinresistant S. aureus, and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a concentration of 5% with zone inhibitionin range of 12.31 ± 0.54–16.14 ± 0.75 mm. The cytotoxic activity screening of the ethyl acetate extracts of fungalstrains was done by using the brine shrimp lethality test. Four fungal strains had LC50 below 80 µg/ml (Dc03, Dc04,Dc05, and Dc08) and were further tested with MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)assay on T47D cell line. These selected fungi were identified molecularly as Cladosporium halotolerans MN859971,Penicillium citrinum MN859968, Aspergillus versicolor MN859970, and Aspergillus sydowii MN859969, respectively.The results suggest that these fungal strains are quite rich in the production of bioactive compounds that are veryeffective as antibacterial and cytotoxic agents
ABSTRACT
To examine the action mechanism that mediates the anti-fertility effect of Costus speciosus extract, research was conducted on male Sprague-Dawley rats. Costus extract was given to male rats for 14 days at various doses, namely 275, 550 and 1,100 mg kg-1 day-1 in 0.5% sodium CMC. The results showed that Costus extract with doses ranging from 275 to 1,100 mg kg-1 day-1 was able to inhibit pregnancy among female rats by 10-70%. No obstacles in terms of sexual behavior were identified among male rats. The anti-fertility effect of Costus extract kicked in without involving a decreased level of male reproductive hormones
ABSTRACT
Doxorubicin is widely used as a chemotherapeutic drug despite having many side effects. It may cause the dysfunction of macrophage, decreasing proliferation of lymphocytes, decreasing CD4+/CD8+ ratio and inducing hepatotoxicity. Doxorubicin inhibits the growth of Vero, HeLa, and T47D cell lines, and also induces a resistance of MCF-7 cells. Previous studies showed that ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of ant-plant [Myrmecodia tuberose Jack] hipocotyl could increase macrophage phagocytosis activity and lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Therefore, antplant is a potential immune stimulator. Combinational treatment of non n-hexane fraction [NHF] of ant-plant with doxorubicin did not affect the doxorubicin's potency. Nevertheless, increased lymphocyte viability induced by doxorubicin in varied dosages of NHF that lethal to HeLa, MCF-7 and T47D cells. Moreover, on Vero cells, doxorubicin became less toxic when induced together with NHF. Thus, NHF of ant-plant is potential to be proposed as doxorubicin co-chemotherapeutic agent against cancer cells
ABSTRACT
The discovery of new mechanism to control microbial pathogenicity by quorum sensing modulation has generated the search for quorum sensing inhibitor from natural resources. The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack [Rubiaceae] ethanol extract to antagonize cell-to cell communication. Pulverized H. formicarum tuber was macerated in ethyl alcohol 96% and evaporated to yield ethanol extract. A dillution technique using Luria-Bertani [LB] medium was used to observe the capability of the extract to reduce the violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum. Samples in two-fold dilution were prepared to obtain 2 - 0.0625 mg/mL concentration. The effects on swimming, swarming and twitching motility as well as the formation of biofilm towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were recorded over control. All experiments were done in triplicate. The architecture of Ps. aeruginosa biofilm treated with samples was examined by CLSM [Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy]. Our results suggested that the ethanol extract of H. formicarum caused violacein production inhibition. Furthermore, inhibition of Ps. aeruginosa motility and biofilm formation were recorded to be significant over control in a concentration dependant manner. H. formicarum serves as a potential source for new QS-based antibacterial drugs towards Ps. aeruginosa